Brain and Mind

The scientific study of the relationship between brain and mind began in 1861, when Broca, in France, found that specific difficulties in the expressive use of speech, aphasia, consistently followed damage to a particular of the left hemisphere of the brain. This introduced cerebral neurology, making it possible to map the human brain, ascribing specific powers - linguistic, intellectual, perceptual, etc. - to equally specific centers in the brain over the decades.